I. Rossiya va Ukraina to'qimachilik sanoatining umumiy holati
1. Rossiya to'qimachilik sanoatining umumiy ko'rinishi
Due to the Soviet Union's emphasis on heavy industry, the development of light industry was not paid enough attention, and the textile and garment industry was mainly concentrated in Belarus and the Baltic States. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the overall output of Russia's textile and garment industry declined by more than 10 times.
(1) To'qimachilik va tikuvchilik xomashyosiga talab va taklif
Russia imports most of its raw cotton (cotton fiber), mostly from Uzbekistan or Azerbaijan. Russia's cotton imports totaled 487 million in 2020.
Russia's raw material supply situation is more ideal hemp and chemical fiber. Linen is one of Russia's oldest industries, but production and processing has been difficult for years. Jute and sisal for the rope were imported from India and Bombay.
Russia's chemical fibre production is growing at 5-6 per cent a year and total consumption is growing at 11-12 per cent a year. Thus, the share of imports remains high, at least 60 per cent. The main importers are Belarus, China, South Korea and India.
(2) Rossiyada toʻqimachilik va tikuvchilik yarim tayyor mahsulotlarga taklif va taklif
Rossiyaning toʻqimachilik va tikuvchilik yarim tayyor mahsulotlari asosan Osiyo davlatlaridan, xususan, paxta matolari va ip-kalava mahsulotlari arzon-boʻlgan Xitoy va Hindistondan import qilinadi. Keyin to'qimachilik sanoatini tayanch sanoatiga aylantirgan Turkiya bor.
Russia is an important export market for China's textiles and clothing, as well as an important region for China to implement export market diversification and "go global" strategy. According to Chinese statistics, due to the impact of the epidemic, bilateral trade reached US 107.7 billion in 2020, down by 2.9 percent year-on-year and exceeding US 100 billion for three consecutive years. China's share in Russia's foreign trade has further increased, and China has remained Russia's largest trading partner for 11 consecutive years. From 2000 to 2020, China's textile and garment exports to Russia increased from 1.11 billion US dollars to 7.65 billion US dollars in 2020, a cumulative increase of nearly six times.
2. Ukraina to'qimachilik sanoatining umumiy holati
40 milliondan ortiq aholiga ega Ukraina Markaziy va Sharqiy Evropaning matolarni tarqatish markazi bo'lib, Sharqiy Evropada eng katta jismoniy mato bozoriga ega.
From the perspective of trade, Ukraine is dominated by female consumers, with many niche designer brands and strong domestic demand. Ukraine also exports clothing to eu countries and Canada (duty-free), and exports to Russia through grey channels are also duty-free. The bulk of Ukraine's fabric comes from China and Turkey, with logistics passing through the Suez Canal to the Black Sea port of Odessa via Turkey.
Sanoat nuqtai nazaridan, Ukraina Sovet Ittifoqidan qolgan eski-kiyim-kechaklarni qayta ishlash mamlakatidir. Hozirgacha u nisbatan arzon ishchi kuchi va boy texnik zaxiraga ega boʻlgan koʻplab kichik va oʻrta{1}} tikuv korxonalarini saqlab kelmoqda. Kanada, Yevropa, AQSh va Rossiyaga eksport qilish-bojsiz shartnomalarga ega.
In 2019, 2020 and 2021, China's textile and garment exports to Ukraine were 6.8 million US dollars, 660 million US dollars and 760 million US dollars respectively, accounting for about 35-40 percent of Ukraine's imports. China is the largest source of textile and garment imports from Ukraine, while Ukraine's textile and garment exports are relatively small, with annual exports of about 400 million US dollars in recent years. Germany, Denmark and Italy are the main markets for Uzbekistan's textile and garment exports.
Rossiya va Ukraina o'rtasidagi vaziyatning to'qimachilik sanoatiga ta'siri
1. Xom ashyo ko'tarilmoqda
Sanoat va axborot texnologiyalari vazirligi ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 130 dan ortiq asosiy asosiy kimyoviy materiallarning 32 foizi hali ham bo'sh va 52 foizi importga bog'liq. Yuqori{3}}elektron kimyoviy moddalar, yuqori{4}}funktsional materiallar, yuqori-poliolefin, aromatik uglevodorodlar, kimyoviy tolalar va boshqalar va yuqoridagi mahsulotlar va sanoat zanjiriga bo'lingan xom ashyolar kabi asosan asosiy quyma kimyoviy xom ashyo hisoblanadi.
It is not difficult to see that China's more than 30 kinds of chemicals mainly imported from abroad, part of the degree of dependence is greater, such as adionitrile, adienediamine, high-end titanium dioxide, silicone and other high-end monopoly products. Since the beginning of the year, the price trend of these products gradually skyrocketed, the highest price increased by 8,200 yuan/ton, up nearly 30 percent .
Xalqaro neft narxi 100 yuan chegarasini buzdi
O'tgan dushanba kuni neft narxlari keskin ko'tarildi, Nyu-Yorkdagi xom neft fyucherslari 2,90 foizga o'sib, 92,83 / BBL ni tashkil etdi, chunki Rossiya va Ukraina o'rtasidagi keskinlik ta'minot tashvishlarini keltirib chiqardi. Brent xomashyosi fyucherslari 2014-yil sentabrida birinchi marta 3,90 foizga oshib, 97,19/BBLga yetdi, ya’ni yetti yildan ortiq. Xalqaro oltin narxlari kuni bir oz o'zgargan. So'nggi kunlarda brent va WTI markali neft fyucherslari barreliga 100 barreldan oshdi va yangi yuqori ko'rsatkichlarni o'rnatdi.
Narxlar ko'tarilib ketmoqda
PP/PE sanoat zanjiri
Yaponiya polietilen korporatsiyasi: 15 martdan boshlab barcha PE mahsulotlari 23 yen / kg ga, taxminan 1263 yuan / tonnaga oshdi.
Polypropylene Co., LTD. : 1 martdan boshlab barcha PP mahsulotlari 25 yen / kg yoki taxminan 1373 yuan / tonnaga oshiriladi.
PA6 / PA66 / PBT, sanoat zanjiri
Basf has raised the prices of eight TPU products of its Elastollan® series in the Asia-pacific region by up to RMB3,167. The price of Ultramid® series high-performance materials in the Asia-pacific region was raised by 300 USD/ton for non-flame retardant PA66, PA6 and PBT products; Flame retardant grade PA66, PA6, PBT products increased by usd 800 / ton.
DSM: global miqyosda quyidagi muhandislik materiallari narxini oshiring. Osiyo Tinch okeani mintaqasida AKulon PA6 / PA66 mahsulotlarining narxi 1875 RMB / tonnaga oshiriladi. Arnitel seriyali TPC mahsulotlari 2250 yuan / tonnaga oshdi; EcopaXX seriyali PA410 mahsulotlari 4500 yuan/tonnaga oshdi; ForTii seriyali PA4T \ PPA mahsulotlari 4500 yuan/ton; Stanyl seriyali OF PA46 mahsulotlari 3000 yuan / tonnaga oshdi.
Dupont: PA, PBT, POM, TPC va boshqa mahsulotlarning narxi 8880 yuan / tonnagacha ko'tariladi. Shimoliy Amerikada PBT, PET, PA, TPU va boshqa polimer mahsulotlarining narxini 8270 yuanga / tonnagacha oshiring.
Kasallik kuchaygan geosiyosiy mojaro va Ukraina sharqidagi vaziyatning katta o'zgarishi bilan bir vaqtga to'g'ri keladi, bu xorijda xom neft va tabiiy gaz ta'minotiga ta'sir ko'rsatdi.
O'tgan tajribaga ko'ra, xom neft bozori ko'tariladi, polyester polyester bozori ergashadi! Xom neft poliester va poliester sanoatida eng muhim xom ashyolardan biri bo'lganligi sababli, neft narxining ko'tarilishi va pasayishi polyester va poliester sanoatining umumiy rentabelligiga bevosita ta'sir qiladi. 24 xom neft narxining ko'tarilishidan ta'sirlangan PTA, etilen glikol fyucherslari yana ko'tarildi, etilen glikol 100 punktdan ortiq yoki 2 foizdan ko'proq yopildi, PTA deyarli 300 yuanga yoki 5,31 foizga yopildi.
Yaqin bosqichdan boshlab, Rossiya va Ukraina inqirozi bozor nervlariga ta'sir qiladi, xom neft bosqichining ko'tarilish tezligi qaytarilmas edi, zaif ta'minot va kuchli naqsh hali ham davom etmoqda, bozorning ko'tarilish kayfiyati pasaymaydi, qisqa muddatda polyester narxlari kuchli qo'llab-quvvatlanadi. , bozorni jo'natish tezligini haydash ham tezlashadi.
Rossiya va Ukraina o'rtasidagi mojarodan ta'sirlangan xom neftga bo'lgan talab va taklif keskin emas va narx o'zgarishi va ko'tarilishida davom etadi. Bozor, polyester shtapel tolasi ham xom neft narxiga qarab o'zgarishiga ishonadi va korxonalar arzon narxlarda zaxiralarni tegishli ravishda to'ldirishlari mumkin. Xom ashyo ko'tarilganda, poliester ipning quyi oqimi yoki ko'tarilish to'lqini boshlanadi.
manba: https://www.tnc.com.cn/info/c-001001-d-3719574.html